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FIGURE 3
Analysis of accidents by income level distribution within Delaware. The top panel shows a map indicating the median income by census tract in Delaware. Key areas of lowest median income include Wilmington in the north and Dover in the middle of the state. The bottom panel shows ANOVA comparison of normalized accident frequency across quintiles of population. Stars are placed atop bars if that quintile is significantly different from the others indicated. Where only a single difference is noted, the star may be placed between the connector. Double stars (**) indicate a significant difference as per the BH correction, whereas single stars (*) indicate a difference at the P < 0.05 level. Census tracts with the lowest and second lowest median incomes have the highest and second highest accident rates compared with the tracts containing the more affluent.
December 31, 2012. State trauma data consisted of a compilation
of information from the six designated trauma centers in the state. Data were collected on all patients younger than 18 years who were
as an individual who was either standing, walking, or running at the time of the injury event. Children younger than walking age were also included if they were being carried or pushed in a cart
or stroller by a caregiver who was standing, walking, or running. All injuries involving children riding a bicycle, skateboard,
scooter, or motorized device were excluded. The address or nearest intersection of each injury was obtained from trauma transport
and ambulance records. These data were subsequently converted into Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates using Google Maps (Google, Mountain View, Calif.). Demographic data included age, self-reported race, sex, date of injury, injury time, length
of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, and mortality. Socioeconomic population information regarding each census
tract of the state including age, race, sex, median income level, and education level was obtained from US Census Bureau information.9
data were grouped according to 2010 US census tracts. Counts
per census tract were normalized by tract population to give if there was any relationship between demographics and injury frequency, census tracts were binned into quintiles for each of the variables of median income, percent black population, education level, sex, and percent population of children. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were then run on the binned data to determine if there characteristic quintile. Independent sample t tests with Holm-Bonferroni (HB) corrections were used as post-hocs
where warranted.
exceptional demographics was accomplished using custom mapping software to identify the neighborhoods where children useful when planning and developing interventions to prevent these injuries from happening in the future
RESULTS
Localization
Figure 1a period throughout the state of Delaware. It is noteworthy that these injury events are largely in the more urban parts of the state, with clusters primarily in Wilmington, the largest city, and secondarily in Dover, the state capital. Close-ups of clustering in these two
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Del Med J | July 2016 | Vol. 88 | No. 7
